Showing posts with label Sulidae. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Sulidae. Show all posts

Brown booby

   ›      ›   Brown booby - Sula leucogaster.

The brown booby (Sula leucogaster) belongs to the family Sulidae. The brown booby species is distributed in Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. It is a rare visitor to Indian Islands.

Taxonomy of Brown booby

  • Scientific Name: Sula leucogaster
  • Common Name: Brown booby
  • French: Fou brun; German: Weißbauchtölpel; Spanish: Piquero pardo;
  • Other names: Pelecanus leucogaster Boddaert, 1783;
  • Family: Sulidae › Suliformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: (Boddaert, 1783)
Brown booby species was earlier included in the genus Pelecanus. The four recognized subspecies are: S. l. leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783), S. l. plotus (J. R. Forster, 1844), S. l. brewsteri Goss, 1888 and S. l. etesiaca Thayer & Bangs, 1905.

Indian birds - Brown booby - Sula leucogaster
Indian birds - Brown booby - Sula leucogaster

Description

The brown booby bird is a large bird, measuring 65 to 75 cm in length and weighing 700 to 1,550 grams. The wingspan is 130 to 150 cm. The female booby bird is slightly larger. The head and the upper body of this bird is brown-black. The belly is a contrasting white. The wings are short and the tail is tapered and long. The beak of booby is large and pointed with many jagged edges.

Habitat

The brown booby birds are strictly marine and move near around their breeding habitats in tropical rocky or coral islands.

Feeding habits

The brown booby birds feed mainly on squids and flying fish. These booby bird usually catch the prey by plunge diving and also by plucking the prey out of water surface. They also snatch feed from other seabirds.

Breeding

The breeding in these booby birds is seasonal in some areas and continuous is some areas. The nest is usually built on the ground in the midst of vegetation in remote islands. These booby birds form small colonies.

Distribution

The subspecies S. l. leucogaster is distributed in the islands in Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean and tropical Atlantic Ocean. The subspecies S. l. plotus is distributed in Red Sea, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The subspecies S. l. brewsteri is distributed in tropical Pacific Ocean and The subspecies S. l. etesiaca occurs in Pacific Ocean.

Movement Patterns

These booby birds are strictly marine and move about near the breeding grounds. Juveniles and non breeding birds may disperse widely.

Status and conservation

The global population of brown booby birds is estimated to be about 200,000 individual birds. The population is slowly declining due habitat loss and human activities in the breeding habitat. These bird species have an extremely large range and are considered least vulnerable.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these booby species and has listed them as of "Least Concern".

Biological classification of Sula leucogaster
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Suliformes
Family:Sulidae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Sula
Species:S. leucogaster
Binomial name:Sula leucogaster
Distribution:tropical Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Red sea and rare visitor to Indian islands;
Feeding habits:squid, flying fish and other fish;
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern

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Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brown_boobytern.JPG
Author: Duncan Wright | License: Public domain.
Current topic in Birds of India: Brown booby - Sula leucogaster.
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Red-footed booby

   ›      ›   Red-footed booby - Sula sula.

The red-footed booby (Sula sula) belongs to the family Sulidae. The red-footed booby species is distributed in Indian Ocean, Indian islands and Pacific Ocean.

Taxonomy of Red-footed booby

  • Scientific Name: Sula sula
  • Common Name: Red-footed booby
  • French: Fou à pieds rouges; German: Rotfußtölpel; Spanish: Piquero patirrojo;
  • Other names: Pelecanus sula Linnaeus, 1766;
  • Family: Sulidae › Suliformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: (Linnaeus, 1766)
Red-footed booby species was earlier included in the genus Pelecanus. The three recognized subspecies are: S. s. sula (Linnaeus, 1766), S. s. rubripes Gould, 1838 and S. s. websteri Rothschild, 1898.

Indian birds - Red-footed booby - Sula sula
Indian birds - Red-footed booby - Sula sula

Description

The red-footed booby bird is the smallest among booby species. It is a medium sized bird, measuring 65 to 80 cm in length and weighing 900 to 1,000 grams. The wingspan is 135 to 150 cm. These booby birds are red footed and have relatively long tail, large eyes and pink and blue colored throat pouch. The bill is colored blue. The bare skin around the eyes is also often blue. There are several morphs among red-footed booby birds. The white morph has white plumage and black flight feathers. There are black tailed white morph and all brown morph. The red-footed booby birds make harsh rasping sounds and call 'rah-rah-rah' on nearing the breeding ground.

Habitat

The breeding habitat of red-footed booby birds is tree-covered tropical islands. When not breeding they spend much of the time foraging in the sea around the breeding colony.

Feeding habits

The red-footed booby birds are excellent divers. They dive underwater to catch the prey. They are also seen plucking the prey out of water surface. These birds mainly feed on squids and fish, especially flying fish.

Breeding

The red-footed booby birds breed in the tropical islands. These birds nest in large colonies in islands with vegetation. A white egg is laid in the nest constructed on trees with sticks. Both the parent birds incubate the egg and take care of the chick. These booby birds are nearly monogamous, pairs remaining together for several seasons.

Distribution

The subspecies S. s. sula is distributed in Caribbean islands and in islands off East Brazil. The subspecies S. s. rubripes occurs in islands in Indian Ocean and tropical islands in Pacific Ocean. It is a rare visitor to Indian islands. The subspecies S. s. websteri occurs in tropical islands in Pacific Ocean.

Movement Patterns

These booby bird may be considered sedentary as they spend much of the time near the breeding colonies.

Status and conservation

The global population of these booby birds is estimated to number about 1,000,000 individual birds. There is steady decline in population due to breeding habitat loss and predation by invasive species. However there is wide range and large population. These booby species are considered least threatened.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these booby species and has listed them as of "Least Concern".

Biological classification of Sula sula
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Suliformes
Family:Sulidae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Sula
Species:S. sula
Binomial name:Sula sula
Distribution:Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean and rare visitor to Indian islands;
Feeding habits:squid, flying fish and other fish;
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern

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Author: Gregg Yan | License: CC BY-SA 3.0.
Current topic in Birds of India: Red-footed booby - Sula sula.
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Masked booby

   ›      ›   Masked booby - Sula dactylatra.

The masked booby (Sula dactylatra) belongs to the family Sulidae. The masked booby species is distributed in Indian Ocean islands and Pacific Ocean islands.

Taxonomy of Masked booby

  • Scientific Name: Sula dactylatra
  • Common Name: Masked booby
  • French: Fou masqué; German: Maskentölpel; Spanish: Piquero enmascarado;
  • Other names: masked gannet;
  • Family: Sulidae › Suliformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: (Lesson, 1831)
Sula dactylatra species is closely related to Nazca booby, (Sula granti) and brown booby (S. leucogaster). The four subspecies are: S. d. dactylatra Lesson, 1831, S. d. melanops Hartlaub, 1859, S. d. personata Gould, 1846 and S. d. tasmani van Tets et al., 1988.

Indian birds - Masked booby - Sula dactylatra
Indian birds - Masked booby - Sula dactylatra

Description

The masked booby species is a large bird, measuring 80 to 90 cm in length and weighing 1,200 to 2,300 grams. The wingspan is 150 cm. Adult booby species are white with pointed black wings, a pointed black tail and a dark grey face mask. The male booby has a yellow bill and the female has a greenish yellow bill. Breeding booby has a patch of bare bluish skin at the base of the bill. The juveniles are brown on the head and upper parts. These booby birds make whistling calls at the breeding grounds. They also make a wide range of hissing and quacking sounds.

Habitat

The masked booby species breed on isolated islands. The rest of the time they are seen foraging in the sea.

Feeding habits

The masked booby species are strictly marine and are good divers. They feed both by diving as well as plucking the prey out of water. They feed on shoaling fish, flying fish and squid.

Breeding

The masked booby species nest in small colonies on sandy beaches and cliff ledges. The nest is a shallow depression. Two white eggs are laid and both parents take turns to incubate. Both the parents feed the chicks. The older stronger chick usually kills the weaker one.

Distribution

The subspecies S. d. dactylatra breeds on islands in Caribbeans and north coast of South America. The subspecies S. d. melanops occurs in islands of Red Sea and Indian Ocean. The subspecies S. d. personata breeds in islands in Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The subspecies S. d. tasmani breeds in islands in Tasman Sea.

Movement Patterns

The masked booby is a fairly sedentary bird, wintering at sea, but rarely seen far away from the breeding colonies.

Status and conservation

The global population size of masked booby birds has not been quantified, but the species has large range and population. They are considered least vulnerable. Introduced animals and fishing activities near the breeding grounds are the major threats to conservation of the booby species.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these booby species and has listed them as of "Least Concern".

Biological classification of Sula dactylatra
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Suliformes
Family:Sulidae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Sula
Species:S. dactylatra
Binomial name:Sula dactylatra
Distribution:Indian Ocean, Red Sea and Pacific Ocean;
Feeding habits:squid, flying fish and other fish;
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern

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Current topic in Birds of India: Masked booby - Sula dactylatra.
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