Common (Grey-capped) emerald dove images

   ›      ›   Common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) images
Taxonomic classification   <>   Images
The common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) belongs to the family Columbidae under the order Columbiformes.

Common emerald dove taxonomy

The family Columbidae was first introduced by William Elford Leach, MD, FRS (2 February 1791 – 25 August 1836), an English zoologist and marine biologist, in a guide to the contents of the British Museum published in 1820.

The family Columbidae includes two subfamilies, viz., Columbinae and Raphinae. The subfamily Columbinae includes 29 extant genera and three extinct genera. The Raphinae are a clade of extinct flightless birds.

The genus Chalcophaps was established by John Gould FRS (14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881), an English ornithologist and bird artist, in the year 1843.

The genus Chalcophaps includes three species, viz., Chalcophaps indica, Chalcophaps longirostris and Chalcophaps stephani.

The species Chalcophaps indica was first described by Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, in the year 1758.
Taxonomic classification
Binomial name:Chalcophaps indica
Species:C. indica
Genus:Chalcophaps
Subfamily:-
Family:Columbidae
Order:Columbiformes
Class:Aves
Phylum:Chordata
Kingdom:Animalia
Chalcophaps indica
1.Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica 337
Image by Francesco Veronesi

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Chalcophaps indica
2.Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica
Image by Jason Thompson

Chalcophaps indica
3.Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica
Image by Dr. Raju Kasambe

Chalcophaps indica
4.Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica
Image by Sumita Roy Dutta

Chalcophaps indica
5.Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica
Image by Shanaka Aravinda

Chalcophaps indica
6.Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica
Image by David Cook

Chalcophaps indica
7.Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica
Image by Lip Kee

Chalcophaps indica
8.Chalcophaps indica by David Cook

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1.Common emerald dove image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/francesco_veronesi/14086415158/ (cropped)
Author: Francesco Veronesi | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 9/29/17
2.Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Common_Emerald_Dove.jpg (cropped)
Author: Jason Thompson | License: CC BY 2.0 as on 9/29/17
3.Image source: https://en.wikimedia.org/ (cropped)
Author: Dr. Raju Kasambe | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
4.Image source: https://en.wikimedia.org/ (cropped)
Author: Sumita Roy Dutta | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
5.Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/stranger123/15923785365/
Author: Shanaka Aravinda | License: CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 as on 9/30/17
6.Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kookr/23109272113/ (cropped)
Author: David Cook | License: CC BY-NC 2.0 as on 9/30/17
7.Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/64565252@N00/3005681890 (cropped)
Author: Lip Kee | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 9/30/17
8.Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/kookr/5142399330/ (cropped)
Author: David Cook | License: CC BY-NC 2.0 as on 9/30/17

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Common (Grey-capped) emerald dove

   ›      ›   Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica

The common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) belongs to the family of pigeons and doves, Columbidae.

The common emerald dove species are distributed in Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, China and Taiwan. This emerald dove species is the state bird of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. These emerald doves are polytypic species.
Overview & Quick Facts Description & Identification
Pictures of Common Emerald Dove Distribution & Range
Ecosystem & Habitat Diet & Feeding Behavior
Breeding Habits Migration & Movement Patterns
Conservation & Survival IUCN Status
Taxonomy & Classification Bird World

Appearance, physical description and identification

The common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) is a medium-sized pigeon, measuring 25 to 30 cm in length and weighing 90 to 170 grams. The common emerald dove species have bright glossy green back and wings. These birds are sexually dimorphic.

The male has a pale bluish gray crown and nape. There is a white stripe on the forehead, which extends over and behind the eyes. There is a white patch on the edge of the shoulders. The female lacks these features.

The common emerald dove species have dark vinous pink chin, throat, upper breast and the sides of the neck. The flight feathers and tail are dark gray. There are broad white and black bars on the lower back. The lower belly is grayish brown.

The bill is bright red. The irises are dark brown. The eye-ring is gray. The feet are grayish red. Their call is a repeated, low-pitched, mournful cooing sound.
Indian birds - Picture of Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica
1.Birds of India - Image of Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica by Jason Thompson

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Birds of India - Photo of Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica
2.Indian birds - Picture of Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica by Francesco Veronesi

Indian birds - Image of Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica
3.Birds of India - Photo of Common emerald dove - Chalcophaps indica by Dr. Raju Kasambe

Origin, geographical range and distribution

These common emerald dove species are distributed in India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, China, Taiwan, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines and Christmas Island.

In India, these common emerald dove species are distributed in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Maharashtra, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

The common emerald dove nominate subspecies C. i. indica is distributed in the Indian subcontinent, China, Taiwan and southeast Asia. The subspecies C. i. robinsoni is distributed in Sri Lanka.

The common emerald dove subspecies C. i. maxima is distributed in Andaman Islands (India). The subspecies C. i. augusta is distributed in Nicobar Islands.

The subspecies C. i. natalis is distributed in Christmas Island (Australia). The subspecies C. i. minima is distributed in northwest New Guinea.

Ecosystem and habitat

These common emerald dove species have moderate forest dependence. They normally occur in altitudes from 0 to 1450 meters. The artificial ecosystems and habitats of these species include cultivated lands and plantations.

The natural ecosystems and habitats of these common emerald dove species include tropical and subtropical moist lowland forests, mangrove forests, moist montane forests, rainforests and evergreen forests.

Diet and feeding behavior

The diet of common emerald dove consists mainly of seeds and fruits. Fallen fruits, seeds, berries, figs and insects are their primary food. Most of the time they forage on the ground. They roost on the tree branches.

Reproduction and breeding habits

These common emerald dove species breed year-round in most of their breeding range. They are monogamous and territorial. Male performs courtship dance by bobbing its head.

These emerald dove species nest on the fork in trees, up to five meters from ground. The nest is a flimsy structure built with sticks and twigs.

The typical clutch contains two cream-colored eggs. Both of the parents, take part in nest building, egg incubation and care of young. The hatchlings are initially fed with crop-milk by the parents.

Migration and movement patterns

These common emerald dove species are non-migratory, resident birds. The birds in higher altitudes move to lower levels and plains during winter.

Post breeding, the juvenile emerald doves may disperse and establish in new locations within the range. They may make local movements for feeding and breeding within their range.

Common emerald dove - Quick Facts

  • Scientific name: Chalcophaps indica
  • Species author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Synonyms/Protonym: Columba indica Linnaeus, 1758
  • Family: Columbidae › Columbiformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Vernacular names: English: Common emerald dove, Chinese: 绿翅金鸠, French: Colombine turvert, German: Graukappen-Glanztaube, Spanish: Palomita esmeralda cabecigrís, Russian: Изумрудный голубь, Japanese: キンバト
  • Other names: Grey-capped Emerald Dove, Indian Emerald-dove
  • Distribution: Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, China, Taiwan
  • Diet and feeding habits: seeds, berries, fruits, insects, snails
  • IUCN status listing: Least Concern (LC)

Conservation and survival

The global population size of the common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) has not been quantified. The overall population trend of these species is considered to be decreasing.

Throughout its range, this emerald dove species is reported to be uncommon to common. The generation length is 5.6 years. Its distribution size is about 21,300,000 sq.km.

Habitat alteration and destruction, predation by feral cats and capture for pet-trade are the main threats that may endanger the survival of these emerald dove species.

IUCN and CITES status

The common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) does not approach the thresholds for being Vulnerable either under the range size criterion, or under the population trend criterion or under the population size criterion.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated the emerald dove species and has listed it as of "Least Concern".

The CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) status is ‘Not Evaluated’ for common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica).
Taxonomy and scientific classification of Chalcophaps indica
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Columbiformes
Family:Columbidae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Chalcophaps
Species:C. indica
Binomial name:Chalcophaps indica
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern
The common emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) is closely related to Stephan's emerald dove (Chalcophaps stephani) and Pacific emerald dove (Chalcophaps longirostris).

The six recognized subspecies of common emerald dove are: C. i. indica (Linnaeus, 1758), C. i. minima E. J. O. Hartert, 1931, C. i. robinsoni E. C. S. Baker, 1928, C. i. natalis Lister, 1889, C. i. maxima E. J. O. Hartert, 1931 and C. i. augusta Bonaparte, 1855.
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1.Common emerald dove image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Common_Emerald_Dove.jpg (cropped)
Image author: Jason Thompson | License: CC BY 2.0 as on 9/29/17
2.Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/francesco_veronesi/14086415158/ (cropped)
Image author: Francesco Veronesi | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 9/29/17
3.Image source: https://en.wikimedia.org/ (cropped)
Image author: Dr. Raju Kasambe | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
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Lesser black-backed gull photos

   ›      ›   Lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) photos
Taxonomic classification   <>   Photos
The lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) belongs to the family Laridae under the order Charadriiformes.

Lesser black-backed gull taxonomy

The family Laridae (as Laridia) was first described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (October 22, 1783 – September 18, 1840), a zoologist, botanist, writer and polyglot in the year 1815.

The family Laridae is divided into ten genera and about 55 species. The genus Larus is classified into twenty five species.

"The genus name is from Ancient Greek laros (λάῥος) or Latin Larus which appears to have referred to a gull or other large seabird."

The genus Larus was first described by Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, in the year 1758.

The species Larus fuscus was first described by Carl Linnaeus in the year 1758. The species Larus fuscus is polytypic and is divided into five subspecies, viz, L. f. fuscus, L. f. graellsii, L. f. intermedius, L. f. heuglini and L. f. barabensis.
Taxonomic classification
Binomial name:Larus fuscus
Species:L. fuscus
Genus:Larus
Subfamily:-
Family:Laridae
Order:Charadriiformes
Class:Aves
Phylum:Chordata
Kingdom:Animalia
Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus
1.Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus 233
Photo by Perhols

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Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus
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3.Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus
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Larus fuscus
4.Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus
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Larus fuscus
5.Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus
Photo by Whgler

Larus fuscus
6.Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus
Photo by fi:Käyttäjä:Thermos

Larus fuscus egg
7.Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus egg
Photo by Klaus Rassinger und Gerhard Cammerer

Larus fuscus nest
8.Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus nest
Photo by Koskikara

Larus fuscus juvenile
9.Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus juvenile
Photo by SixSigma

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1.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sildemaake-pho2_K2E8707.jpg (cropped)
Author: Perhols | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
2.Photo source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lesser_black-backed_gull_2015.jpg (cropped)
Author: pete beard | License: CC BY 2.0 as on 9/27/17
3.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laridae_Larus_in_Saint-Malo_(France).jpg (cropped)
Author: Llorenzi | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
4.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Larus-fuscus-graellsii-He.jpg (cropped)
Author: Andreas Trepte, www.photo-natur.net | License: CC BY-SA 2.5
5.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heringsm%C3%B6we_Langeoog.jpg (cropped)
Author: Whgler | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
6.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selk%C3%A4lokki.jpg (cropped)
Author: fi:Käyttäjä:Thermos | License: CC-By-2.5
7.Photo source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Larus_fuscus_MWNH_0325.JPG (cropped)
Author: Klaus Rassinger und Gerhard Cammerer | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
8.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Selk%C3%A4lokki_hautomassa.jpg (cropped)
Author: Koskikara | License: CC-By-3.0
9.Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JuvenileSeaGull.JPG (cropped)
Author: SixSigma | License: CC-By-3.0
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Lesser black-backed gull

   ›      ›   Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus

The lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) belongs to the family of gulls, Laridae.

The lesser black-backed gull species are distributed in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Middle East, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Africa, Europe, central and northwest Asia and North America. These gull species are fully migratory. These gulls are polytypic species.
Overview & Quick Facts Description & Identification
Pictures of Lesser Black-backed Gull Distribution & Range
Ecosystem & Habitat Diet & Feeding Behavior
Breeding Habits Migration & Movement Patterns
Conservation & Survival IUCN Status
Taxonomy & Classification Bird World

Appearance, physical description and identification

The lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) is a medium-sized gull, measuring 50 to 60 cm in length and weighing 550 to 1200 grams. The wingspan is 125 to 130 cms.

These lesser black-backed gull species take three to four years to reach sexual maturity. The adult breeders have dark gray or blackish back and wings. Rest of the plumage, including head and underparts is white. There are white "mirrors" at the wing tips.

The bill of the lesser black-backed gull is yellow and curved. There is a reddish spot on the lower mandible, which the young peck at, inducing the parent to regurgitate and feed the young.

The irises are pale yellow in adults. There is a red eye-ring. The juveniles have blackish irises. The feet are yellow in adults and pale pink in juveniles.

The lesser black-backed gull male and female are similar in plumage. Their call is a loud, deep, nasal "laughing" sound.
Indian birds - Picture of Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus
1.Birds of India - Image of Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus by pete beard

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2.Indian birds - Picture of Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus by Perhols

Indian birds - Image of Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus
3.Birds of India - Photo of Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus by Llorenzi

Origin, geographical range and distribution

These lesser black-backed gull species are distributed in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Middle East, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Africa, Europe, central and northwest Asia and North America.

Breeding populations of these gulls occur in Kazakhstan, Russia, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, Latvia, Poland, Denmark, Iceland, Ireland, United Kingdom, France, Belgium and Netherlands.

In India, wintering lesser black-backed gull species are distributed in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

The Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBA) of these lesser black-backed gull species in Spain are Cádiz bay, Pela mountain range-Orellana reservoir-Zorita, Cape Busto-Luanco, Isla Cristina and Ayamonte marshes and Prado lagoon.

Some of the IBA of the lesser black-backed gulls in United Kingdom are Alde - Ore Estuary, Severn Estuary, Bowland Fells, Morecambe Bay, Cardigan Island, Little Cumbrae Island, Horse Island and Isles of Scilly.

The IBA of lesser black-backed gulls in Sweden are Lövsta Bight – Björn Archipelago, Archipelago of Northern Hälsingland and Archipelago of Stockholm.

Ecosystem and habitat

These lesser black-backed gull species do not normally occur in forest. These species normally occur in altitudes from 0 to 1000 meters.

The artificial ecosystems and habitats of these lesser black-backed gull species include cultivated lands, pasturelands, rural gardens, urban areas, water storage areas, water treatment areas, fishing harbors and canals.

The natural ecosystems and habitats of these lesser black-backed gull species include coastal lagoons, wetlands, temperate grasslands, freshwater lakes, sea cliffs, rocky offshore islands, freshwater marshes, rivers and streams.

Diet and feeding behavior

The diet of lesser black-backed gull consists mainly of small fish. Aquatic and terrestrial insects, crustaceans, molluscs, worms, eggs and chicks of birds, rodents, carrion, offal and fish waste are their primary food.

These lesser black-backed gulls are omnivorous, opportunistic feeders. The also feed on berries, seeds and grains. They may feed from urban garbage dumps and also follow fishing vessels for discarded bycatch.

Reproduction and breeding habits

The breeding season of these lesser black-backed gull species is from April to June in most of their breeding range.

These gulls are monogamous and breed in colonies. Their breeding sites include, coastal grassy slopes, margins of lakes, sand-dunes, cliffs, rocky offshore islands and islands in lakes and rivers.

The lesser black-backed gull nest may be a heap of grass or weeds or a simple sparsely-lined scrape on the ground. Sometimes they nest on cliffs, buildings and rooftops. The typical clutch contains three, ovoid, buff colored eggs with dark brown spotting.

Migration and movement patterns

These lesser black-backed gull species are mostly migratory birds.

Breeding lesser black-backed gull populations occur in northern Europe and northwestern Asia. Small year-round breeding populations occur in coastal Portugal, southern Ireland, the United Kingdom and northern France.

The breeding lesser black-backed gulls disperse widely for wintering and move in leapfrog-like stages, using many stopovers en-route.

The Autumn migration to the wintering grounds occurs from July to September and the return spring migration takes place from February to June.

Lesser black-backed gull - Quick Facts

  • Scientific name: Larus fuscus
  • Species author: Linnaeus, 1758
  • Synonyms/Protonym: Larus fuscus Linnaeus, 1758
  • Family: Laridae › Charadriiformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Vernacular names: English: Lesser black-backed gull, Chinese: 小黑背鸥, French: Goéland brun, German: Heringsmöwe, Spanish: Gaviota sombría, Russian: Клуша, Japanese: ニシセグロカモメ, Malay: Burung Camar Cina
  • Other names: Baltic Gull, Siberian Gull
  • Distribution: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Middle East, Myanmar, Thailand, China, Africa, Europe, central and northwest Asia, North America
  • Diet and feeding habits: fish, aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, bird eggs and chicks, rodents, carrion, offal, berries, grains
  • IUCN status listing: Least Concern (LC)

Conservation and survival

The global population size of the lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) is estimated to number about 940,000 to 2,070,000 individual birds. The overall population trend of these species is considered to be increasing.

Throughout its range, this gull species is reported to be abundant to common. The generation length is 13.9 years. Its distribution size is about 19,800,000 sq.km.

Habitat alteration and destruction, avian botulism, sport hunting and capture for pet-trade are the main threats that may endanger the survival of these gull species.

IUCN and CITES status

The lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) does not approach the thresholds for being Vulnerable either under the range size criterion, or under the population trend criterion or under the population size criterion.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated the gull species and has listed it as of "Least Concern".

The CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) status is ‘Not Evaluated’ for lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus).
Taxonomy and scientific classification of Larus fuscus
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Charadriiformes
Family:Laridae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Larus
Species:L. fuscus
Binomial name:Larus fuscus
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern
The lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) is closely related to European herring gull (Larus argentatus) and Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans).

The five recognized subspecies of the lesser black-backed gull are: L. f. fuscus Linnaeus, 1758, L. f. graellsii A. E. Brehm, 1857, L. f. intermedius Schiøler, 1922, L. f. heuglini Bree, 1876 and L. f. barabensis H. C. Johansen, 1960.
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1.Photo source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lesser_black-backed_gull_2015.jpg (cropped)
Photo author: pete beard | License: CC BY 2.0 as on 9/27/17
2.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sildemaake-pho2_K2E8707.jpg (cropped)
Photo author: Perhols | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
3.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Laridae_Larus_in_Saint-Malo_(France).jpg (cropped)
Photo author: Llorenzi | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Current topic in Birds of India: Lesser black-backed gull - Larus fuscus.
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Red-wattled lapwing photos

   ›      ›   Red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) photos
Taxonomic classification   <>   Photos
The red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) belongs to the family Charadriidae under the order Charadriiformes.

Red-wattled lapwing taxonomy

The family Charadriidae was first described by William Elford Leach, MD, FRS (2 February 1791 – 25 August 1836), an English zoologist and marine biologist, in a guide to the contents of the British Museum published in the year 1820.

The family Charadriidae is divided into two subfamilies (Vanellinae and Charadriinae), ten genera and 66 species. The subfamily Vanellinae was first described by Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte (24 May 1803 – 29 July 1857), a French biologist and ornithologist, in the year 1842.

The subfamily Vanellinae contains two genera, viz., Erythrogonys and Vanellus. The genus Vanellus was first described by Mathurin Jacques Brisson in the year 1760. The genus Vanellus has 24 species classified under it.

The species Vanellus indicus was first described by Pieter Boddaert (1733 – 6 May 1795), a Dutch physician and naturalist, in the year 1783.
Taxonomic classification
Binomial name:Vanellus indicus
Species:V. indicus
Genus:Vanellus
Subfamily:-
Family:Charadriidae
Order:Charadriiformes
Class:Aves
Phylum:Chordata
Kingdom:Animalia
Vanellus indicus
1.Red-wattled lapwing - Vanellus indicus 257
Photo by Bhadraslg

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Photos
Vanellus indicus
2.Red-wattled lapwing - Vanellus indicus
Photo by Arindam Aditya

Vanellus indicus
3.Red-wattled lapwing - Vanellus indicus
Photo by Dr. Raju Kasambe

Vanellus indicus
4.Red-wattled lapwing - Vanellus indicus
Photo by Davidvraju

Vanellus indicus
5.Red-wattled lapwing - Vanellus indicus
Photo by Dattatreya N R

Vanellus indicus
6.Red-wattled lapwing - Vanellus indicus
Photo by Karunakar Rayker

Vanellus indicus
7.Red-wattled lapwing - Vanellus indicus
Photo by AChawla

Vanellus indicus
8.Red-wattled lapwing - Vanellus indicus
Photo by Rathika Ramasamy

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1.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/ (cropped)
Author: Bhadraslg | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
2.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/ (cropped)
Author: Arindam Aditya | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
3.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red-wattled_Lapwing_Vanellus_indicus_by_Dr._Raju_Kasambe_DSC_5603_(3).jpg (cropped)
Author: Dr. Raju Kasambe | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
4.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Red_wattled_Lapwing_David_Raju.jpg (cropped)
Author: Davidvraju | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
5.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bird_in_Nagarhole_forest.jpg (cropped)
Author: Dattatreya N R | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
6.Photo source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/21932201@N04/3024323521/ (cropped)
Author: Karunakar Rayker | License: CC BY 2.0 as on 9/26/17
7.Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vanellus_indicus_eggs_and_chicks.jpg (cropped)
Author: AChawla | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
8.Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/28163014@N00/2495959547/ (cropped)
Author: Rathika Ramasamy | License: CC BY 2.0 as on 9/26/17
Current topic in Birds of India: Red-wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) photos.
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