Showing posts with label eagle. Show all posts
Showing posts with label eagle. Show all posts

Mountain hawk-eagle

   ›      ›   Mountain hawk-eagle - Nisaetus nipalensis.

The mountain hawk-eagle (Nisaetus nipalensis) belongs to the family Accipitridae. These mountain hawk-eagle species are distributed in Indian subcontinent, Indochina, Southeast Asia, China, Japan and Indonesia.

Taxonomy of Mountain hawk-eagle

  • Scientific Name: Nisaetus nipalensis
  • Common Name: Mountain hawk-eagle
  • French: Aigle montagnard; German: Berghaubenadler; Spanish: Águila montañesa;
  • Other names: Hodgson's hawk-eagle; Spizaetus nipalensis;
  • Family: Accipitridae › Accipitriformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: Hodgson, 1836
Nisaetus nipalensis was earlier placed in the genus Spizaetus. It is closely related to N. bartelsi, N. alboniger, N. lanceolatus and N. philippensis. The three recognized subspecies are: N. n. orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844), N. n. nipalensis Hodgson, 1836 and N. n. kelaarti (Legge, 1878).

Indian birds - Image of Mountain hawk-eagle - Nisaetus nipalensis
Indian birds - Image of Mountain hawk-eagle - Nisaetus nipalensis

Description

The mountain hawk-eagle is a large bird of prey, measuring 65 to 85 cm in length and weighing 1,800 to 3,500 grams. The wingspan is 130 to 160 cm. They typically have brown upper parts and paler under parts. The under sides and tail are barred. The breast and belly and underwing coverts are streaked.

Habitat

The mountain hawk-eagle inhabit mountain woodlands. They have been observed in mountains at altitude of 4,000 meters.

Feeding habits

These species feed on birds, reptiles and small mammals. Hares, pheasants and quails are the preferred preys.

Breeding

The mountain hawk-eagle breeding season varies with their range. In Himalayas, these eagles breed during February and June. They build stick nests on trees. The nest contains a single egg.

Distribution

The subspecies N. n. orientalis is distributed in Japan. The subspecies N. n. nipalensis is distributed in Pakistan, Himalayas of India, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Indochina region and Malay Peninsula. The subspecies N. n. kelaarti is distributed in South India and Sri Lanka.

Movement Patterns

These species of birds are mostly sedentary. In winter, they may move to lower altitudes.

Status and conservation

The mountain hawk-eagle species have an extremely large range and are considered least vulnerable. There is steady decline in population due to loss of forest cover. Habitat destruction and declining availability of prey species are the main threats to the survival of these species.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these eagle species and has listed them as of "Least Concern".

Biological classification of Nisaetus nipalensis
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Accipitriformes
Family:Accipitridae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Nisaetus
Species:N. nipalensis
Binomial name:Nisaetus nipalensis
Distribution:Indian subcontinent, Indochina region, China, Japan, Indonesia and Northern Southeast Asia;
Feeding habits:birds, reptiles and small mammals;
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern

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Changeable hawk-eagle

   ›      ›   Changeable hawk-eagle - Nisaetus cirrhatus.

The changeable hawk-eagle (Nisaetus cirrhatus) belongs to the family Accipitridae. These changeable hawk-eagle species are distributed in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Philippines.

Taxonomy of Changeable hawk-eagle

  • Scientific Name: Nisaetus cirrhatus
  • Common Name: Changeable hawk-eagle
  • French: Aigle huppé; German: Indienhaubenadler; Spanish: Águila variable;
  • Other names: Falco cirrhatus J. F. Gmelin, 1788; crested hawk-eagle;
  • Family: Accipitridae › Accipitriformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: (Gmelin, 1788)
Nisaetus cirrhatus was earlier placed in the genus Falco and genus Spizaetus. The five recognized subspecies are: N. c. cirrhatus (J. F. Gmelin, 1788), N. c. ceylanensis (J. F. Gmelin, 1788), N. c. andamanensis (Tytler, 1865), N. c. limnaeetus (Horsfield, 1821) and N. c. vanheurni (Junge, 1936).

Indian birds - Picture of Changeable hawk-eagle - Nisaetus cirrhatus
Indian birds - Picture of Changeable hawk-eagle - Nisaetus cirrhatus

Description

The changeable hawk-eagle is a large bird of prey, measuring 50 to 80 cm in length and weighing 1,300 to 1,900 grams. The wingspan is 100 to 160 cm. These eagle species are dimorphic and forms exist with crest and without crest. They are brown above and white below. There is barring on the undersides of the flight feathers and tail. Black longitudinal streaks occur on the throat and chocolate streaks occur on the breast. The wings and tail are long. Their call is a high-pitched ki-ki ki-ki sound.

Habitat

The changeable hawk-eagle inhabit dense forests, deciduous woods and savanna dotted with tall trees.

Feeding habits

The changeable hawk-eagle species feed on mammals, birds, and reptiles. These eagle species hunt by swooping on the prey and carrying it away to their perch.

Breeding

The changeable hawk-eagle breeding season is from December to April. The nest is a large stick platform, built on a tall tree. Only a single egg is laid.

Distribution

The changeable hawk-eagle subspecies N. c. cirrhatus is distributed in Rajasthan and Gangetic Plains in north India. The subspecies N. c. ceylanensis occurs in Sri Lanka. The subspecies N. c. andamanensis is distributed in the Andaman Islands of India. The subspecies N. c. limnaeetus is distributed in North India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Indochina, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia and Philippines. The subspecies N. c. vanheurni occurs in Simeulue Island in Indonesia.

Movement Patterns

They are mostly sedentary, moving within the range in search of prey.

Status and conservation

The changeable hawk-eagle species have an extremely large range and are considered least vulnerable. The global population size has not been quantified. Habitat destruction and increased human disturbance are the main threats to the survival of these eagle species.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these eagle species and has listed them as of "Least Concern".

Biological classification of Nisaetus cirrhatus
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Accipitriformes
Family:Accipitridae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Nisaetus
Species:N. cirrhatus
Binomial name:Nisaetus cirrhatus
Distribution:Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Philippines;
Feeding habits:birds, reptiles and small mammals;
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern

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Rufous-bellied eagle

   ›      ›   Rufous-bellied eagle - Lophotriorchis kienerii.

The rufous-bellied eagle (Lophotriorchis kienerii) belongs to the family Accipitridae. These rufous-bellied eagle species are distributed in India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Philippines.

Taxonomy of Rufous-bellied eagle

  • Scientific Name: Lophotriorchis kienerii
  • Common Name: Rufous-bellied eagle
  • French: Aigle à ventre roux; German: Rotbauchadler; Spanish: Águila ventrirroja;
  • Other names: Astur Kienerii de Sparre, 1835; Hieraaetus kienerii; Rufous-bellied hawk-eagle;
  • Family: Accipitridae › Accipitriformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: (G. de Sparre, 1835)
Lophotriorchis kienerii was earlier placed in the genus Astur and genus Hieraaetus. The two recognized subspecies are: L. k. kienerii (de Sparre, 1835) and L. k. formosus Stresemann, 1924.

Indian birds - Image of Rufous-bellied eagle - Lophotriorchis kienerii
Indian birds - Image of Rufous-bellied eagle - Lophotriorchis kienerii

Description

The rufous-bellied eagle is a medium sized bird of prey, measuring 40 to 60 cm in length and weighig 700 grams. The wingspan is 90 to 130 cm. These eagle species have a black hood with a short bushy crest. They have bright rufous underparts and underwing coverts. The throat and chest are white with black streaks. The females are larger and are blacker on the face. The tail is dark and barred. Their call is a high pitched fwick, fwick sound.

Habitat

These eagle species inhabit evergreen and moist deciduous forests in foothills.

Feeding habits

These eagle species feed on birds, reptiles and small mammals. They spot the prey by flying over the forest canopy.

Breeding

The rufous-bellied eagle breeding season is in late winter in Indian subcontinent. The breeding pair build a large nest with sticks and twigs on a tree. The nest is lined with leaves. A single egg is observed in the nest. Both the parent eagles take part in incubating the egg and feeding the chick.

Distribution

The eagle subspecies L. k. kienerii is distributed in North India, Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast India, Sri Lanka and Western Ghats in South India. The subspecies L. k. formosus is distributed in Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia and Philippines.

Movement Patterns

The rufous-bellied eagle is mainly sedentary. Local movements are observed in birds in Malaysia.

Status and conservation

The rufous-bellied eagle species have an extremely large range and are considered least vulnerable. The global population is estimated to number 1,000 to 10,000 individual birds. The habitat destruction and short fall in availability of prey are the main threats to the survival of these eagle species.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these eagle species and has listed them as of "Least Concern".

Biological classification of Lophotriorchis kienerii
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Accipitriformes
Family:Accipitridae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Lophotriorchis
Species:L. kienerii
Binomial name:Lophotriorchis kienerii
Distribution:India, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Indochina, Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Philippines;
Feeding habits:birds, reptiles and small mammals;
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern

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Booted eagle

   ›      ›   Booted eagle - Hieraaetus pennatus.

The booted eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus) belongs to the family Accipitridae. These booted eagle species are distributed in Africa, Indian subcontinent, Europe, the Middle East and Asia.

Taxonomy of Booted eagle

  • Scientific Name: Hieraaetus pennatus
  • Common Name: Booted eagle
  • French: Aigle botté; German: Zwergadler; Spanish: Águila calzada;
  • Other names: Falco pennatus J. F. Gmelin, 1788; Aquila minuta Brehm, 1831; Aquila pennata;
  • Family: Accipitridae › Accipitriformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: (Gmelin, 1788)
Hieraaetus pennatus is closely related to H. morphnoides, H. weiskei and H. ayresii. It was earlier included in the genus Falco.

Birds of India - Picture of Booted eagle - Hieraaetus pennatus
Birds of India - Picture of Booted eagle - Hieraaetus pennatus

Description

The booted eagle is a medium sized eagle, measuring 40 to 50 cm in length and weighing 500 to 750 grams. The female eagles are larger and weigh 850 to 1,250 grams. The wingspan is 110 to 140 cm. There are two distinct color morphs, with several intermediate plumages. The pale morphs are mainly light grey. They have a darker head and flight feathers. The dark morphs have dark brown plumage with dark greyish flight feathers. The call is a shrill kli-kli-kli sound.

Habitat

The booted eagle species inhabit forests with some open areas and hilly country side.

Feeding habits

The booted eagle feed on small birds, reptiles and small mammals like mice and susliks. They have been found to hunt preys five times their weight.

Breeding

The booted eagle breeding season is from April to May. Nest is built with sticks and twigs on the forest trees. These eagle species lay one or two eggs.

Distribution

These eagle species are distributed in Europe, Africa and Asia. Breeding populations are found in southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East, northern Indian Subcontinent and across Asia. Wintering populations are seen in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and southern Indian subcontinent.

Movement Patterns

The booted eagle species are mainly migratory. They leave their breeding grounds in September for wintering and return in March and April.

Status and conservation

The booted eagle species have an extremely large range and population. They are considered least vulnerable. Habitat destruction, human activities near the breeding grounds, persecution and wind turbines are the major threats to the survival of these species of birds.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these eagle species and has listed them as of "Least Concern".

Biological classification of Hieraaetus pennatus
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Accipitriformes
Family:Accipitridae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Hieraaetus
Species:H. pennatus
Binomial name:Hieraaetus pennatus
Distribution:North Africa, Indian subcontinent, Europe, the Middle East, Asia;
Feeding habits:birds, reptiles and small mammals;
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern

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Bonelli's eagle

   ›      ›   Bonelli's eagle - Aquila fasciata.

The Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata) belongs to the family Accipitridae. These Bonelli's eagle species are distributed in Africa, Indian subcontinent, Mediterranean region, the Middle East, Indochina, Southeast China and Indonesia.

Taxonomy of Bonelli's eagle

  • Scientific Name: Aquila fasciata
  • Common Name: Bonelli's eagle
  • French: Aigle de Bonelli; German: Habichtsadler; Spanish: Águila perdicera;
  • Other names: Hieraaetus fasciatus; Aquila fasciatus;
  • Family: Accipitridae › Accipitriformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: (Vieillot, 1822)
Aquila fasciata is closely related to A. spilogaster and A. verreauxii. It was earlier included in the genus Hieraaetus. The two recognized subspecies are: A. f. fasciata Vieillot, 1822 and A. f. renschi (Stresemann, 1932).

Birds of India - Picture of Bonelli's eagle - Aquila fasciata
Birds of India - Picture of Bonelli's eagle - Aquila fasciata

Description

The Bonelli's eagle is a medium sized bird of prey, measuring 65 to 70 cm in length and weighing 1,600 to 2,400 grams. The wingspan is 150 to 170 cm. The upper parts are dark brown, whereas the underside is white with dark streaks. The eyes and feet of the eagle are yellow. The wings are relatively short and rounded. The tail is long and is grey on the upper side and white below. There is a broad terminal black band on the tail. The call is a shrill 'klu-kluklu-kluee' sound.

Habitat

The Bonelli's eagle inhabits forest edges, cultivated land with large trees on the fringe, hilly areas and open country with some tree cover.

Feeding habits

The Bonelli's eagle feeds on medium sized birds and mammals. It also takes reptiles, frogs, insects and rarely, carrion.

Breeding

The Bonelli's eagle breeding season is from November to September in India. The nest is built with sticks and twigs on a remote cliff ledge or in a large tree. It lays 1-3 eggs.

Distribution

The Bonelli's eagle subspecies A. f. fasciata is distributed in Africa, Mediterranean region, Middle East, Arabia, Afghanistan, Indian subcontinent, North Indochina and Southeast China. The eagle subspecies A. f. renschi is distributed in Indonesia.

Movement Patterns

The Bonelli's eagle is mostly sedentary and the juveniles birds disperse around the range.

Status and conservation

The Bonelli's eagle species have a very large range and are considered least vulnerable. However there is steady decline in the eagle populations. The decline in the prey population, human activities in the habitat, habitat degradation, use of pesticides, persecution and collisions with power lines are the major threats to the survival of these species of eagles.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these eagle species and has listed them as of "Least Concern".

Biological classification of Aquila fasciata
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Accipitriformes
Family:Accipitridae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Aquila
Species:A. fasciata
Binomial name:Aquila fasciata
Distribution:Africa, Indian subcontinent, Mediterranean region, the Middle East, Indochina, South China, Indonesia;
Feeding habits:birds and small mammals;
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern

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Golden eagle

   ›      ›   Golden eagle - Aquila chrysaetos.

The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) belongs to the family Accipitridae.

These golden eagle species are distributed in Europe, Asia, Indian subcontinent, Africa, North America and the Middle East.

Taxonomy of Golden eagle

  • Scientific Name: Aquila chrysaetos
  • Common Name: Golden eagle
  • French: Aigle royal; German: Steinadler; Spanish: Águila real;
  • Other names: Falco Chrysaëtos Linnaeus, 1758;
  • Family: Accipitridae › Accipitriformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: (Linnaeus, 1758)
Aquila chrysaetos is closely related to A. audax and A. gurneyi. It was earler included in the genus Falco. The six recognized subspecies are: A. c. chrysaetos (Linnaeus, 1758), A. c. homeyeri Severtsov, 1888, A. c. daphanea Severtsov, 1888, A. c. kamtschatica Severtsov, 1888, A. c. japonica Severtsov, 1888 and A. c. canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758).

Description

The golden eagle is a large bird of prey, male bird measuring 75 to 90 cm in length and weighing 2,800 to 4,500 grams. The female eagle is larger than the male and weighs 3,600 to 6,600 grams. The wingspan is 190 to 230 cm. These eagle species generally have dark brown plumage. The back of the crown and nape region usually has golden-brown plumage. The bill is dark at the tip, fading into lighter horn color. The bare portion of the feet are yellow. Their call is a high, shrill sound.

Birds of India - Image of Golden eagle - Aquila chrysaetos
Birds of India - Image of Golden eagle - Aquila chrysaetos

Habitat

The golden eagle inhabits various habitats like mountains, marshes, deserts, semi-deserts, plateaux, plains and steppe.

Feeding habits

The golden eagle species feed on birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians and medium sized mammals like rodents, rabbits and hares.

Breeding

The golden eagle breeding season depends upon the range and is usually from March to August. These eagle species nest on cliffs and large trees. The nest is a large platform, built with sticks and twigs.

Distribution

The golden eagle subspecies A. c. chrysaetos is distributed in Europe and Siberia. The subspecies A. c. homeyeri is distributed in North Africa, Mediterranean region, Middle East, Arabia, Iran and Uzbekistan. The subspecies A. c. daphanea is distributed in Central Asia, Central China and north Indian subcontinent. The golden eagle subspecies A. c. kamtschatica is distributed in Siberia and East Russia. The subspecies A. c. japonica is distributed in Japan and Korea. The subspecies A. c. canadensis is distributed in North America.

Movement Patterns

The golden eagle species are mostly sedentary. The eagle populations in the northern regions may move southwards in search of feed in the winter.

Status and conservation

The golden eagle global population is estimated to number more than 170,000 birds. These species have an extremely large range and are considered least vulnerable. Poisoning, persecution, trapping, loss of habitat, use of certain pesticides, electrocution from power lines, collision with the wind turbines and long term changes in food supply are the major threats to the survival of these eagle species.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these eagle species and has listed them as of "Least Concern".

Biological classification of Aquila chrysaetos
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Accipitriformes
Family:Accipitridae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Aquila
Species:A. chrysaetos
Binomial name:Aquila chrysaetos
Distribution:Europe, Asia, Indian subcontinent, Africa, the Middle East, North America;
Feeding habits:birds and medium sized mammals;
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern

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Eastern imperial eagle

   ›      ›   Eastern imperial eagle - Aquila heliaca.

The eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca) belongs to the family Accipitridae. These eastern imperial eagle species are distributed in Europe, Asia, Indian subcontinent, Africa, Southeast Asia and the Middle East.

Taxonomy of Eastern imperial eagle

  • Scientific Name: Aquila heliaca
  • Common Name: Eastern imperial eagle
  • French: Aigle impérial; German: Kaiseradler; Spanish: Águila imperial oriental;
  • Other names: Aquila heliaca heliaca;
  • Family: Accipitridae › Accipitriformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Species author: Savigny, 1809
Aquila heliaca is closely related to A. rapax and A. nipalensis and A. adalberti.

Birds of India - Image of Eastern imperial eagle - Aquila heliaca
Birds of India - Image of Eastern imperial eagle - Aquila heliaca

Description

The eastern imperial eagle is a large bird of prey, measuring 70 to 85 cm in length and weighing 2,400 to 2,700 grams. The female eagle is much larger than the male and weighs 3,100 to 4,500 grams. The wingspan is 180 to 210 cm. It is generally dark brown in color. The crown, nape, sides of head and neck have pale buff color. Its call is a repeated barking sound.

Habitat

These eagle species inhabit open country with small woods.

Feeding habits

The eastern imperial eagle feeds on birds and small mammals.

Breeding

These eagle species breed on old isolated trees in open country. The nest is built with sticks and twigs. The breeding season in March and april. Two to three eggs are laid. The parents take part in raising the chicks.

Distribution

The eastern imperial eagle is distributed in east Europe, central and western Asian countries, Middle East, the Arabian peninsula, Afghanistan, Indian Subcontinent, east Africa, China, Mongolia and Southeast Asia.

Movement Patterns

These eagle species move southwards to east Africa, Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia for wintering.

Status and conservation

The eastern imperial eagle global population is about 10,000 birds and there is steady decline in the population. These species of birds are considered vulnerable. Persecution, poisoning, presence of threats at breeding sites and habitat loss are the threats to the survival of these bird species.

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated these eagle species and has listed them as "Vulnerable".

Biological classification of Aquila heliaca
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Accipitriformes
Family:Accipitridae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Aquila
Species:A. heliaca
Binomial name:Aquila heliaca
Distribution:Europe, Asia, Indian subcontinent, Africa, the Middle East, Southeast Asia;
Feeding habits:birds and small mammals;
IUCN status listing:
Vulnerable

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