Showing posts with label hornbill. Show all posts
Showing posts with label hornbill. Show all posts

Oriental pied hornbill images

   ›      ›   Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris images
Taxonomic classification   < >   Images
The Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris) belongs to the family of hornbills, the Bucerotidae under the order Bucerotiformes.

Oriental pied hornbill taxonomy

The Bucerotidae is the family of hornbills. The family Bucerotidae was first introduced by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (October 22, 1783 – September 18, 1840), a zoologist and botanist, in the year 1815.

The family Bucerotidae comprises, subfamilies Bucorvinae (ground hornbills) and Bucerotinae (typical hornbills). The subfamily Bucerotinae comprises fifteen genera, including Anthracoceros.

The genus Anthracoceros was first described by Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (January 8, 1793 – March 17, 1879), a German botanist and ornithologist, in the year 1849.

The genus Anthracoceros comprises five species, viz., Anthracoceros albirostris, Anthracoceros malayanus, Anthracoceros coronatus, Anthracoceros marchei and Anthracoceros montani.

The species Anthracoceros albirostris is polytypic. It was first described by George Kearsley Shaw (10 December 1751 – 22 July 1813) and Frederick Polydore Nodder in the year 1807.

Taxonomic classification
Binomial name:Anthracoceros albirostris
Species:A. albirostris
Genus:Anthracoceros
Subfamily:-
Family:Bucerotidae
Order:Bucerotiformes
Class:Aves
Phylum:Chordata
Kingdom:Animalia
Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
1.Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
Image by NejibAhmed


Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
2.Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
Image by Md. Tareq Aziz Touhid

Anthracoceros albirostris
3.Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
Image by Bernard DUPONT

Anthracoceros albirostris
4.Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
Image by Rushen

Anthracoceros albirostris
5.Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
Image by Johnny Wee

Anthracoceros albirostris
6.Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
Image by Paul Williams

Anthracoceros albirostris
7.Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
Image by Ben Shaw

Anthracoceros albirostris
8.Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
Image by Charles J Sharp

Anthracoceros albirostris
9.Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris
Image by SurLaRoute.fr
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1.Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oriental_Pied_Hornbill_(Anthracoceros_albirostris_).jpg (cropprd)
Author: NejibAhmed | License: CC BY-SA 4.0 as on 9/14/18
2.Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org (cropprd)
Author: Md. Tareq Aziz Touhid | License: CC BY-SA 4.0 as on 9/14/18
3.Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/berniedup/8070732291/ (cropprd)
Author: Bernard DUPONT | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 9/14/18
4.Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/rushen/23576110199/ (cropprd)
Author: Rushen | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 9/14/18
5.Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/64684201@N00/535809525/in/photostream/ (cropprd)
Author: Johnny Wee | License: CC BY 2.0 as on 9/14/18
6.Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/ironammonite/14046675688/in/photostream/ (cropprd)
Author: Paul Williams | License: CC BY-NC 2.0 as on 9/14/18
7.Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anthracoceros_albirostris_from_below.jpg (cropprd)
Author: Ben Shaw | License: CC BY-SA 3.0 as on 9/14/18
8.Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/ (cropprd)
Author: Charles J Sharp | License: CC BY-SA 4.0 as on 9/14/18
9.Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/8874672@N05/4931550795 (cropprd)
Author: SurLaRoute.fr | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 9/14/18
Current topic in Bird World: Oriental pied hornbill - Anthracoceros albirostris images.
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Narcondam hornbill

   ›      ›   Narcondam hornbill - Rhyticeros narcondami

The Narcondam hornbill (Rhyticeros narcondami) belongs to the family of hornbills, Bucerotidae.

The Narcondam hornbill species are endemic to Narcondam Island, part of the Andaman Islands, India. These hornbill species are listed as Endangered by IUCN and now less than 250 mature birds are living. These hornbills are monotypic species.

Overview & Quick Facts Description & Identification
Pictures of Narcondam Hornbill Distribution & Range
Ecosystem & Habitat Diet & Feeding Behavior
Breeding Habits Migration & Movement Patterns
Conservation & Survival IUCN Status
Taxonomy & Classification Bird World

Narcondam hornbill - Overview

  • Scientific name: Rhyticeros narcondami
  • Species author: Hume, 1873
  • Synonyms/Protonym: Rhyticeros narcondami A. O. Hume, 1873
  • Family: Bucerotidae › Bucerotiformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Vernacular names: English: Narcondam hornbill, Chinese: ζ‹Ώε²›ηš±η›”ηŠ€ιΈŸ, French: Calao de Narcondam, German: Narcondamhornvogel, Spanish: CΓ‘lao de la Narcondam, Russian: Наркондамский ΠΊΠ°Π»Π°ΠΎ, Japanese: ヒパシワコブァむチョウ
  • Other names: Narcondam Wreathed Hornbill
  • Distribution: Endemic to Narcondam Island, India
  • Diet and feeding habits: fruits, berries, figs
  • IUCN status listing: Endangered (EN)
The Narcondam hornbill (Rhyticeros narcondami) is closely related to Blyth's hornbill (Rhyticeros plicatus) and wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus).

Appearance, physical description and identification

The Narcondam hornbill (Rhyticeros narcondami) is a small hornbill, measuring 45 to 50 cm in length.

The Narcondam hornbill are sexual dimorphic, both in size and plumage. The male is slightly larger and weighs 700 to 750 grams. The female bird weighs 600 to 750 grams. The overall plumage is blackish. These species appear like a miniature version of Blyth's hornbill (Rhyticeros plicatus).

The male hornbill upperparts are black with green gloss. The male has rufous head, neck and upper breast. The rest of the underparts are black. The male has orange red irises. The female is totally black. In female, the irises are olive brown.

There is a pale blue gular pouch and short white tail in both the sexes. The bare skin around the eyes is bluish. The juveniles look similar to males and have dull-looking bills without folds.

The base of the bill is pinkish. The upper mandible has folds near the base. The furrows of the casque are brownish. The legs are blackish and the soles are yellow. Their call is a loud, harsh cackling “ka-ka-ka-ka” sound.
Indian birds - Photo of Narcondam hornbill - Rhyticeros narcondami
Birds of India - Photo of Narcondam hornbill - Rhyticeros narcondami
Photo by Kalyan Varma | GFDL 1.2

Origin, geographical range and distribution

These hornbill species are distributed in Narcondam, a small dormant volcanic island in the Andaman Sea, forming part of Andaman Islands. It covers 6.8 sq. kilometers. The Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA) of these hornbill species in India is the Narcondam Island Wildlife Sanctuary.

Ecosystem and habitat

These Narcondam hornbill species are highly forest dependent. These species occur in altitudes from 0 to 700 meters.

The natural ecosystems of these species include tropical and subtropical moist lowland forests, open mixed forests and tropical and subtropical moist shrublands.

Diet and feeding behavior

The diet of these Narcondam hornbill species is mostly fruits. Wild fruits, berries, figs, invertebrates and small reptiles are their primary food.

Reproduction and breeding habits

The breeding season of these Narcondam hornbill species is from February to April. The nesting sites are located in mature, undisturbed forests with large trees.

These hornbill species nest in holes and hollows in trunks and broken branches in large trees. The favored nesting trees are, bully trees (Sideroxylon spp.) and tropical chestnuts (Sterculia spp.).

These birds are monogamous. The female hornbill seals herself in the tree hollow with faeces and fruit pulp. A small slit is left open for male to pass on the feed for the female and later the chicks.

During this time, the female sheds her flight feathers and is incapable of flight. The typical clutch contains two eggs. Though these birds have been maintained in captivity, so far, there has been no success in captive breeding.

Migration and movement patterns

The Narcondam hornbill species are non-migratory resident birds.

Post breeding, the hornbill juveniles may disperse and establish in new locations within the range. They may make local movements for feeding and breeding within their range.

Conservation and survival

The global population size of the Narcondam hornbill (Rhyticeros narcondami) is estimated to be around 50 to 250 individual birds. The overall population trend of these hornbill species is considered to be stable. Throughout its range it is reported to be common. The generation length is 19 years. Its distribution size is about 7 sq.km.

The Narcondam hornbill (Rhyticeros narcondami) has approach the thresholds for being Endangered, under the range size criterion, under the population trend criterion and also under the population size criterion. The ongoing habitat destruction, persecution by introduced cats and hunting are the main threats that may endanger the survival of these hornbill species.

IUCN and CITES status

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated the species and has listed it as "Endangered". The CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) status is ‘Evaluated’ for the Narcondam hornbill (Rhyticeros narcondami) and is listed in Appendix II.
Taxonomy and scientific classification of Rhyticeros narcondami
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Bucerotiformes
Family:Bucerotidae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Rhyticeros
Species:R. narcondami
Binomial name:Rhyticeros narcondami
IUCN status listing:
Endangered
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Photo source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Narcondam_hornbill.jpg (cropped)
Photo author: Kalyan Varma | License: GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
Current topic in Birds of India: Narcondam hornbill - Rhyticeros narcondami.
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Wreathed hornbill photos

   ›      ›   Wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) photos
Taxonomic classification   <>   Photos
The wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) belongs to the family Bucerotidae under the order Bucerotiformes.

Conservation concerns of Rhyticeros undulatus

The survival of Rhyticeros undulatus is "threatened by illegal selective logging, habitat encroachment and local hunting pressure in unprotected tropical forestlands".

Logging has fragmented the habitat and created huge gaps in the vegetation thus these birds are easily sighted, making them more vulnerable to hunting.

Logging, agricultural expansion into forest areas and illegal logging of mature trees has lead to sharp decrease in the roosting sites and foraging sites (Ficus sp.) of wreathed hornbill. There is decline in the regeneration of the preferred tree species (Ficus sp.).

The Rhyticeros undulatus species are important agents of seed dispersal in the moist evergreen forest. The entire ecosystem of these species is at cross roads. These birds require mature trees for nesting and also require foraging trees. The fragmented forest can only be effectively regenerated by these seed dispersers.

Reference:
Krishna, C.M., K. Sarma & A. Kumar (2012). Rapid assessment of Wreathed Hornbill Aceros undulatus (Aves: Bucerotidae) populations and conservation issues in fragmented lowland tropical forests of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4(14): 3342–3348.

Taxonomic classification
Binomial name:Rhyticeros undulatus
Species:R. undulatus
Genus:Rhyticeros
Subfamily:-
Family:Bucerotidae
Order:Bucerotiformes
Class:Aves
Phylum:Chordata
Kingdom:Animalia
Photos
Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus - male
1.Wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) male
Photo by Jar0d


Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus female
2.Wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) female
Photo by DickDaniels

Rhyticeros undulatus male
3.Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus
Photo by DickDaniels

Rhyticeros undulatus
4.Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus
Photo by Josh More

Rhyticeros undulatus
5.Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus
Photo by Gunawan Kartapranata

Rhyticeros undulatus
6.Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus
Photo by tontantravel

Rhyticeros undulatus
7.Rhyticeros undulatus Photo by B20180

Rhyticeros undulatus
8.Rhyticeros undulatus by Jar0d

Rhyticeros undulatus
9.Rhyticeros undulatus Photo by DickDaniels
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1.Photo source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rhyticeros_undulatus_-Diergaarde_Blijdorp_-male-8a.jpg (cropped)
Author: Jar0d | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 5/16/17
2.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wreathed_Hornbiil_female_RWD.jpg (cropped)
Author: DickDaniels (http://carolinabirds.org/) | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
3.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wreathed_Hornbill_male_RWD.jpg (cropped)
Author: DickDaniels (http://carolinabirds.org/) | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
4.Photo source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/guppiecat/28993206834/
Author: Josh More | License: CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 as on 5/17/17
5.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wreathed_Hornbill_(Rhyticeros_undulatus)_in_TMII_Birdpark.jpg (cropped)
Author: Gunawan Kartapranata | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
6.Photo source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/tontantravel/8913975826/ (cropped)
Author: tontantravel | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 5/16/17
7.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/ (cropped)
Author: B20180 | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
8.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rhyticeros_undulatus_-Diergaarde_Blijdorp_-juvinile_male_flying-8a.jpg (cropped)
Author: Jar0d | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 5/16/17
9.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wreathed_Hornbill_male_RWD14.jpg (cropped)
Author: DickDaniels (http://carolinabirds.org/) | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Current topic in Birds of India: Wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) photos.
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Wreathed hornbill

   ›      ›   Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus

The wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) is a large hornbill belonging to the family, Bucerotidae.

The wreathed hornbill species are distributed in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei. These hornbill species are highly dependent on forest and the ongoing deforestation in their habitats is causing decline in their population. These hornbills are monotypic species.

Overview & Quick Facts Description & Identification
Pictures of Wreathed Hornbill Distribution & Range
Ecosystem & Habitat Diet & Feeding Behavior
Breeding Habits Migration & Movement Patterns
Conservation & Survival IUCN Status
Taxonomy & Classification Bird World


Appearance, physical description and identification

The wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) is a large hornbill, measuring 75 to 85 cm in length. There is sexual dimorphism and the male is slightly larger and weighs 1650 to 3650 grams. The female weighs 1350 to 2700 grams.

In adult wreathed hornbill the overall plumage is blackish. They have black wings and short white tail. Adult birds have prominent corrugated casque. The bill is also corrugated and colored creamy. There is reddish circumorbital skin.

The male wreathed hornbill has rufous brown forehead, crown and nape. The sides of the head, fore neck and upper breast are whitish. There is yellow gular pouch with dark bar. The irises are red.

The female hornbill has black head and neck. The gular pouch is colored blue. The irises are brown. The immature birds appear similar to males and lack casque and corrugation on the bill. The irises are pale blue.

After the first year, the casque and corrugation on the bill develop in young adults. The feet are gray. Their call is loud gasping "uk-hweerk" and “coo-cuk” sound.
Indian birds - Picture of Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus
Birds of India - Image of Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus by Jar0d


Birds of India - Photo of Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus
Indian birds - Picture of Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus by DickDaniels

Indian birds - Image of Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus
Birds of India - Photo of Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus by DickDaniels

Origin, geographical range and distribution

The wreathed hornbill species are distributed in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei.

In India, these hornbill species are distributed in the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura and Mizoram.

Ecosystem and habitat

These wreathed hornbill species have high forest dependence. These species occur in altitudes from 0 to 2560 meters.

The natural ecosystems of these wreathed hornbill species include tropical and subtropical moist lowland forests, primary evergreen forests and tropical and subtropical moist montane forests.

Diet and feeding behavior

The diet of these wreathed hornbill species is mostly fruits. Wild fruits, berries, figs and small animals are their primary food.

Reproduction and breeding habits

The breeding season of these wreathed hornbill species in India is from April to June. The breeding season is from January to March in Myanmar and Thailand. The laying season in Indonesia is from March to September.

These wreathed hornbill species are monogamous and are highly territorial. They nest in tree holes. They prefer the deciduous tree species Tetrameles nudiflora, which have large hollows in the trunk and branches. The same nesting site may be used in consecutive breeding seasons.

The nesting sites disturbed by human activities may be abandoned. Loss of nesting habitat and nesting trees has a direct effect on the breeding success of these wreathed hornbill species.

The breeding female enters the hollow and seals the hole with its droppings, mud and fruit pulp. A small aperture is left for the male to transfer food to the mother and the chicks. The typical clutch contains two or three pale white eggs.

Migration and movement patterns

The wreathed hornbill species are non-migrant resident birds. Post breeding, the wreathed hornbill juveniles may disperse and establish in new locations within the range. They may make local movements for feeding and breeding within their range.

Wreathed hornbill - Overview

  • Scientific name: Rhyticeros undulatus
  • Species author: (Shaw, 1811)
  • Synonyms/Protonym: Buceros undulatus Shaw, 1811, Aceros undulatus
  • Family: Bucerotidae › Bucerotiformes › Aves › Chordata › Animalia
  • Vernacular names: English: Wreathed hornbill, Chinese: θŠ±ε† ηš±η›”ηŠ€ιΈŸ, French: Calao festonnΓ©, German: Furchenhornvogel, Spanish: CΓ‘lao gorjinegro, Russian: Волнистый ΠΊΠ°Π»Π°ΠΎ, Japanese: シワコブァむチョウ, Indonesian: Burung Julang Emas
  • Other names: Bar-pouched Wreathed Hornbill, Northern Waved Hornbill, Plait-billed Hornbill
  • Distribution: India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei
  • Diet and feeding habits: fruits, small animals
  • IUCN status listing: Least Concern (LC)
The wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) is closely related to plain-pouched hornbill (Rhyticeros subruficollis).

Conservation and survival

The global population size of the wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) has not been quantified. The overall population trend of this species is considered to be decreasing. Throughout its range it is reported to be locally common. The generation length is 19 years. Its distribution size is about 7,020,000 sq.km.

The wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) does not approach the thresholds for being Vulnerable, either under the range size criterion or under the population trend criterion, or under the population size criterion. The ongoing habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation and hunting are the main threats that may endanger the survival of these species.

IUCN and CITES status

The IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) has categorized and evaluated the hornbill species and has listed it as of "Least Concern". The CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) status is ‘Evaluated’ for the wreathed hornbill (Rhyticeros undulatus) and is listed in Appendix II.
Taxonomy and scientific classification of Rhyticeros undulatus
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Aves
Order:Bucerotiformes
Family:Bucerotidae
Subfamily:-
Genus:Rhyticeros
Species:R. undulatus
Binomial name:Rhyticeros undulatus
IUCN status listing:
Least Concern
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1.Image source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rhyticeros_undulatus_-Diergaarde_Blijdorp_-male-8a.jpg (cropped)
Image author: Jar0d | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 5/16/17
2.Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wreathed_Hornbiil_female_RWD.jpg (cropped)
Image author: DickDaniels (http://carolinabirds.org/) | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
3.Image source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wreathed_Hornbill_male_RWD.jpg (cropped)
Image author: DickDaniels (http://carolinabirds.org/) | License: CC BY-SA 4.0
Current topic in Birds of India: Wreathed hornbill - Rhyticeros undulatus.
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Rufous-necked hornbill photos

   ›      ›   Rufous-necked hornbill (Aceros nipalensis) photos
Taxonomic classification   ⇿   Photos
The rufous-necked hornbill (Aceros nipalensis) belongs to the family Bucerotidae under the order Bucerotiformes.

The name Aceros means without horn or hornless. The species Aceros nipalensis lack obvious casque (horn-like structure). However the other three species under the genus Aceros, Aceros corrugatus, Aceros leucocephalus and Aceros waldeni have casques.

The family Bucerotidae includes 62 species. The species under family Bucerotidae are characterized by a heavy, long, down-curved bill, which is frequently brightly colored. Many species have a casque, a hollow structure, running along the upper mandible.

The species under the family Bucerotidae have two-lobed kidney. The heavy bill is supported by strong neck muscles and neck vertebrae. The neck vertebrae, atlas and axis, are fused together, providing a stable base for carrying the heavy bill.
Taxonomic classification
Binomial name:Aceros nipalensis
Species:A. nipalensis
Genus:Aceros
Subfamily:-
Family:Bucerotidae
Order:Bucerotiformes
Class:Aves
Phylum:Chordata
Kingdom:Animalia
Photos
Rufous-necked hornbill - Aceros nipalensis
1.Rufous-necked hornbill - Aceros nipalensis - Photo by Rohit Naniwadekar


Aceros nipalensis
2.Rufous-necked hornbill - Aceros nipalensis - photo by Ujjal Ghosh

Aceros nipalensis
3.Aceros nipalensis - photo by Kalyanvarma

Aceros nipalensis
4.Aceros nipalensis - photo by Rohit Naniwadekar

Aceros nipalensis
5.Aceros nipalensis photo by Rohit Naniwadekar

Aceros nipalensis
6.Aceros nipalensis - photo by Rohit Naniwadekar

Aceros nipalensis
7.Rufous-necked hornbill - Aceros nipalensis - by Ujjal Ghosh

Aceros nipalensis
8.Aceros nipalensis - by Dibyendu Ash

Aceros nipalensis
9.Aceros nipalensis by Francesco Veronesi

Aceros nipalensis
10.Aceros nipalensis by Ron Knight
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1.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rufous-necked_hornbill_1.jpg (cropped)
Author: Rohit Naniwadekar | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
2.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rufous_Necked_Hornbill.jpg (cropped)
Author: Ujjal Ghosh | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
3.Photo source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rufous-necked_Hornbill.jpg (cropped)
Author: Kalyanvarma | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
4.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rufous-necked_Hornbill_4.jpg (cropped)
Author: Rohit Naniwadekar | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
5.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rufous-necked_hornbill_3.jpg (cropped)
Author: Rohit Naniwadekar | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
6.Photo source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rufous-necked_hornbill_2.jpg (cropped)
Author: Rohit Naniwadekar | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
7.Photo source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rufous_Necked_Hornbill_2.jpg (cropped)
Author: Ujjal Ghosh | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
8.Photo source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rufous-necked_Hornbill_Mahananda_Wildlife_Sanctuary_West_Bengal_India_06.12.2015.jpg (cropped)
Author: Dibyendu Ash | License: CC BY-SA 3.0
9.Photo source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/francesco_veronesi/15788452203/ (cropped)
Author: Francesco Veronesi | License: CC BY-SA 2.0 as on 4/30/17
10.Photo source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/sussexbirder/8077032816/ (cropped)
Author: Ron Knight | License: CC BY 2.0 as on 4/30/17
Current topic in Birds of India: Rufous-necked hornbill (Aceros nipalensis) photos.
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